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Knee arthritis, which develops as the knee joint deteriorates over time, can trigger pain, swelling, and stiffness. It is commonly caused by aging, injury, or autoimmune conditions; treatment ranges from lifestyle changes to minimally invasive procedures like genicular artery embolization. Understanding the condition helps patients manage it effectively.
What Is Knee Arthritis?
Knee arthritis is the breakdown of cartilage within the knee joint. Cartilage cushions the bones, and when it deteriorates, the bones rub against each other, causing pain and inflammation. Because this protective layer supports smooth, pain-free movement, its gradual loss can significantly affect daily function.
Several types of knee arthritis exist. Osteoarthritis is the most common form, and it develops gradually as cartilage wears down over time. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the joint lining, making it different from other forms because its origin is biological rather than mechanical.
What Causes It?
Several factors contribute to arthritis, with age being a leading cause. As the body ages, cartilage naturally breaks down. Previous knee injuries, obesity, and repetitive joint stress also increase the likelihood of developing the condition. Genetics can also play a role in knee arthritis; family history of arthritis raises the risk. Rheumatoid arthritis results from an immune system malfunction rather than mechanical wear and tear.
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms may develop gradually and worsen over time. Pain during or after movement and joint stiffness are common. Other symptoms include:
- Swelling around the knee joint
- A grinding or clicking sensation when moving the knee
- Reduced range of motion or difficulty fully extending the leg
- Warmth and tenderness around the joint
As the condition progresses, even simple activities like walking or climbing stairs may become difficult. Some patients may notice symptoms flare up with weather changes or after prolonged activity.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for arthritis depends on severity, and the approach varies accordingly. Mild to moderate cases may be managed with lifestyle modifications. These include weight loss and low-impact exercise, which help reduce strain on the joint and slow disease progression. Anti-inflammatory medications can also provide short-term pain relief.
For patients who do not respond to conservative treatment, minimally invasive procedures offer an alternative. Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is one option; it reduces blood flow to the inflamed tissue around the knee. This decreases pain and swelling without requiring surgery. GAE may be effective for patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis who are not yet candidates for joint replacement. Consulting a specialist helps determine which treatment is right for each situation.
Learn More About Knee Arthritis
Knee arthritis is a progressive condition; from early-stage lifestyle changes to advanced procedures like genicular artery embolization, treatment options exist to help manage symptoms and preserve joint function. The right approach depends on the type and severity of arthritis, as well as your overall health. If you have arthritis, speak with a specialist to explore which treatment plan suits your needs. Early intervention can slow progression and improve your quality of life.
